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Development Of Asepsis And Antisepsis In Turkey In The Nineteenth Century And Its Importance From The Point Of View Of Turkish Medicine Of Today And Future
Ayşegül DEMİRHAN ERDEMİR*, Öztan ÖNCEL**
* Prof.Dr. Dept. of Medical Ethics, Medical School of Uludağ University, BURSA** Prof.Dr. Dept. of Medical Ethics, Medical School of Istanbul University, İSTANBUL
Turks applied hygienic rules in their lifes, ever time. For example, to use clean towel and to wash the hands were very important in the old Turkish states such as Göktürks, Uygurs etc. So, they gave a great importance to asepsis and antisepsis. The contagion was known in the period of Ottoman ? Empire. For example, the patients with leprosy were treated in the hospitals of leprosy. Turkish physicians also mentioned the causes of diseases and their contagious characteristics. Surgical operations were simple in Turkey until the nineteenth century Some solutions such as vinegar, wine were used for dressing of wounds. The nineteenth century was the modern century of Turks in the fields of anesthesia, asepsis and antisepsis. Antisepsis was provided with phenol and pomades with iodoform in the surgery. Both antisepsis and asepsis was applied with modern methods for the first time in l884 ? l892. Aseptic period was seen in l884 - l894. Dr. Cemil Topuzlu Pasha was sent to Paris in order to learn modern antiseptic methods and new surgical methods and anesthetic applications in l887 and returned to Turkey in l890. He served as an operator in Haydarpasha Hospital in Istanbul and applied new methods of antisepsis. He disinfected wounds with phenol. Topuzlu Pasha became associate professor in Gülhane Medical School and founded a cilinic with 50 beds. In l892, he applied his operations with aseptic methods in l894. He used rubber glove and cotton mask in his operations and used auto-clave in the operating room. This period also is the third period of the development of surgery in Turkey. So, this period can be accepted as the beginning of modern surgery. In this paper, the development of asepsis and antisepsis in Turkey in the nineteenth century is stressed and its importance from the point of view of Turkish medicine of today and future is pointed out.Keywords: History of medicine, Asepsis and antisepsis, The nineteenth centuryTurkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics 2002, 10:186-190
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